<?php 
/**
 * This is a PHP skript to process images using PHP GD.
 *
 */

//
// Ensure error reporting is on
//
error_reporting(-1);              // Report all type of errors
ini_set('display_errors', 1);     // Display all errors 
ini_set('output_buffering', 0);   // Do not buffer outputs, write directly
date_default_timezone_set('UTC');


//
// Define some constant values, append slash
// Use DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR to make it work on both windows and unix.
//
define('IMG_PATH', __DIR__ . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR . 'img' . DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR);
define('CACHE_PATH', __DIR__ . '/cache/');
$maxWidth = $maxHeight = 2000;


/**
 * Display error message.
 *
 * @param string $message the error message to display.
 */
function errorMessage($message) {
  header("Status: 404 Not Found");
  die('img.php says 404 - ' . htmlentities($message));
}



/**
 * Display log message.
 *
 * @param string $message the log message to display.
 */
function verbose($message) {
  echo "<p>" . htmlentities($message) . "</p>";
}



/**
 * Output an image together with last modified header.
 *
 * @param string $file as path to the image.
 * @param boolean $verbose if verbose mode is on or off.
 */
function outputImage($file, $verbose) {
  $info = getimagesize($file);
  !empty($info) or errorMessage("The file doesn't seem to be an image.");
  $mime   = $info['mime'];

  $lastModified = filemtime($file);  
  $gmdate = gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s", $lastModified);

  if($verbose) {
    verbose("Memory peak: " . round(memory_get_peak_usage() /1024/1024) . "M");
    verbose("Memory limit: " . ini_get('memory_limit'));
    verbose("Time is {$gmdate} GMT.");
  }

  if(!$verbose) header('Last-Modified: ' . $gmdate . ' GMT');
  if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) && strtotime($_SERVER['HTTP_IF_MODIFIED_SINCE']) == $lastModified){
    if($verbose) { verbose("Would send header 304 Not Modified, but its verbose mode."); exit; }
    header('HTTP/1.0 304 Not Modified');
  } else {  
    if($verbose) { verbose("Would send header to deliver image with modified time: {$gmdate} GMT, but its verbose mode."); exit; }
    header('Content-type: ' . $mime);  
    readfile($file);
  }
  exit;
}



/**
 * Sharpen image as http://php.net/manual/en/ref.image.php#56144
 * http://loriweb.pair.com/8udf-sharpen.html
 *
 * @param resource $image the image to apply this filter on.
 * @return resource $image as the processed image.
 */
function sharpenImage($image) {
  $matrix = array(
    array(-1,-1,-1,),
    array(-1,16,-1,),
    array(-1,-1,-1,)
  );
  $divisor = 8;
  $offset = 0;
  imageconvolution($image, $matrix, $divisor, $offset);
  return $image;
}



//
// Get the incoming arguments
//
$src        = isset($_GET['src'])     ? $_GET['src']      : null;
$verbose    = isset($_GET['verbose']) ? true              : null;
$saveAs     = isset($_GET['save-as']) ? $_GET['save-as']  : null;
$quality    = isset($_GET['quality']) ? $_GET['quality']  : 60;
$ignoreCache = isset($_GET['no-cache']) ? true           : null;
$newWidth   = isset($_GET['width'])   ? $_GET['width']    : null;
$newHeight  = isset($_GET['height'])  ? $_GET['height']   : null;
$cropToFit  = isset($_GET['crop-to-fit']) ? true : null;
$sharpen    = isset($_GET['sharpen']) ? true : null;

$pathToImage = realpath(IMG_PATH . $src);



//
// Validate incoming arguments
//
is_dir(IMG_PATH) or errorMessage('The image dir is not a valid directory.');
is_writable(CACHE_PATH) or errorMessage('The cache dir is not a writable directory.');
isset($src) or errorMessage('Must set src-attribute.');
preg_match('#^[a-z0-9A-Z-_\.\/]+$#', $src) or errorMessage('Filename contains invalid characters.');
substr_compare(IMG_PATH, $pathToImage, 0, strlen(IMG_PATH)) == 0 or errorMessage('Security constraint: Source image is not directly below the directory IMG_PATH.');
is_null($saveAs) or in_array($saveAs, array('png', 'jpg', 'jpeg')) or errorMessage('Not a valid extension to save image as');
is_null($quality) or (is_numeric($quality) and $quality > 0 and $quality <= 100) or errorMessage('Quality out of range');
is_null($newWidth) or (is_numeric($newWidth) and $newWidth > 0 and $newWidth <= $maxWidth) or errorMessage('Width out of range');
is_null($newHeight) or (is_numeric($newHeight) and $newHeight > 0 and $newHeight <= $maxHeight) or errorMessage('Height out of range');
is_null($cropToFit) or ($cropToFit and $newWidth and $newHeight) or errorMessage('Crop to fit needs both width and height to work');



//
// Start displaying log if verbose mode & create url to current image
//
if($verbose) {
  $query = array();
  parse_str($_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'], $query);
  unset($query['verbose']);
  $url = '?' . http_build_query($query);


  echo <<<EOD
<html lang='en'>
<meta charset='UTF-8'/>
<title>img.php verbose mode</title>
<h1>Verbose mode</h1>
<p><a href=$url><code>$url</code></a><br>
<img src='{$url}' /></p>
EOD;
}



//
// Get information on the image
//
$imgInfo = list($width, $height, $type, $attr) = getimagesize($pathToImage);
!empty($imgInfo) or errorMessage("The file doesn't seem to be an image.");
$mime = $imgInfo['mime'];

if($verbose) {
  $filesize = filesize($pathToImage);
  verbose("Image file: {$pathToImage}");
  verbose("Image information: " . print_r($imgInfo, true));
  verbose("Image width x height (type): {$width} x {$height} ({$type}).");
  verbose("Image file size: {$filesize} bytes.");
  verbose("Image mime type: {$mime}.");
}



//
// Calculate new width and height for the image
//
$aspectRatio = $width / $height;

if($cropToFit && $newWidth && $newHeight) {
  $targetRatio = $newWidth / $newHeight;
  $cropWidth   = $targetRatio > $aspectRatio ? $width : round($height * $targetRatio);
  $cropHeight  = $targetRatio > $aspectRatio ? round($width  / $targetRatio) : $height;
  if($verbose) { verbose("Crop to fit into box of {$newWidth}x{$newHeight}. Cropping dimensions: {$cropWidth}x{$cropHeight}."); }
}
else if($newWidth && !$newHeight) {
  $newHeight = round($newWidth / $aspectRatio);
  if($verbose) { verbose("New width is known {$newWidth}, height is calculated to {$newHeight}."); }
}
else if(!$newWidth && $newHeight) {
  $newWidth = round($newHeight * $aspectRatio);
  if($verbose) { verbose("New height is known {$newHeight}, width is calculated to {$newWidth}."); }
}
else if($newWidth && $newHeight) {
  $ratioWidth  = $width  / $newWidth;
  $ratioHeight = $height / $newHeight;
  $ratio = ($ratioWidth > $ratioHeight) ? $ratioWidth : $ratioHeight;
  $newWidth  = round($width  / $ratio);
  $newHeight = round($height / $ratio);
  if($verbose) { verbose("New width & height is requested, keeping aspect ratio results in {$newWidth}x{$newHeight}."); }
}
else {
  $newWidth = $width;
  $newHeight = $height;
  if($verbose) { verbose("Keeping original width & heigth."); }
}



//
// Creating a filename for the cache
//
$parts          = pathinfo($pathToImage);
$fileExtension  = $parts['extension'];
$saveAs         = is_null($saveAs) ? $fileExtension : $saveAs;
$quality_       = is_null($quality) ? null : "_q{$quality}";
$cropToFit_     = is_null($cropToFit) ? null : "_cf";
$sharpen_       = is_null($sharpen) ? null : "_s";
$dirName        = preg_replace('/\//', '-', dirname($src));
$cacheFileName = CACHE_PATH . "-{$dirName}-{$parts['filename']}_{$newWidth}_{$newHeight}{$quality_}{$cropToFit_}{$sharpen_}.{$saveAs}";
$cacheFileName = preg_replace('/^a-zA-Z0-9\.-_/', '', $cacheFileName);

if($verbose) { verbose("Cache file is: {$cacheFileName}"); }



//
// Is there already a valid image in the cache directory, then use it and exit
//
$imageModifiedTime = filemtime($pathToImage);
$cacheModifiedTime = is_file($cacheFileName) ? filemtime($cacheFileName) : null;

// If cached image is valid, output it.
if(!$ignoreCache && is_file($cacheFileName) && $imageModifiedTime < $cacheModifiedTime) {
  if($verbose) { verbose("Cache file is valid, output it."); }
  outputImage($cacheFileName, $verbose);
}

if($verbose) { verbose("Cache is not valid, process image and create a cached version of it."); }



//
// Open up the original image from file
//
if($verbose) { verbose("File extension is: {$fileExtension}"); }

switch($fileExtension) {  
  case 'jpg':
  case 'jpeg': 
    $image = imagecreatefromjpeg($pathToImage);
    if($verbose) { verbose("Opened the image as a JPEG image."); }
    break;  
  
  case 'png':  
    $image = imagecreatefrompng($pathToImage); 
    if($verbose) { verbose("Opened the image as a PNG image."); }
    break;  

  default: errorPage('No support for this file extension.');
}



//
// Resize the image if needed
//
if($cropToFit) {
  if($verbose) { verbose("Resizing, crop to fit."); }
  $cropX = round(($width - $cropWidth) / 2);  
  $cropY = round(($height - $cropHeight) / 2);    
  $imageResized = imagecreatetruecolor($newWidth, $newHeight);
  imagecopyresampled($imageResized, $image, 0, 0, $cropX, $cropY, $newWidth, $newHeight, $cropWidth, $cropHeight);
  $image = $imageResized;
  $width = $newWidth;
  $height = $newHeight;
}
else if(!($newWidth == $width && $newHeight == $height)) {
  if($verbose) { vgerbose("Resizing, new height and/or width."); }
  $imageResized = imagecreatetruecolor($newWidth, $newHeight);
  imagecopyresampled($imageResized, $image, 0, 0, 0, 0, $newWidth, $newHeight, $width, $height);
  $image  = $imageResized;
  $width  = $newWidth;
  $height = $newHeight;
}



//
// Apply filters and postprocessing of image
//
if($sharpen) {
  $image = sharpenImage($image);
}



//
// Save the image
//
switch($saveAs) {
  case 'jpeg':
  case 'jpg':
    if($verbose) { verbose("Saving image as JPEG to cache using quality = {$quality}."); }
    imagejpeg($image, $cacheFileName, $quality);
  break;  

  case 'png':  
    if($verbose) { verbose("Saving image as PNG to cache."); }
    imagepng($image, $cacheFileName);  
  break;  

  default:
    errorMessage('No support to save as this file extension.');
  break;
}

if($verbose) { 
  clearstatcache();
  $cacheFilesize = filesize($cacheFileName);
  verbose("File size of cached file: {$cacheFilesize} bytes."); 
  verbose("Cache file has a file size of " . round($cacheFilesize/$filesize*100) . "% of the original size.");
}



//
// Output the resulting image
//
outputImage($cacheFileName, $verbose);